Urinary Incontinence Chart - nursing notebooks

Urinary Incontinence Chart

Type	Stress Incontinence	Urge Incontinence	Overflow incontinence	Mixed Incontinence
Definition	Leakage of urine during activities that increase abdominal pressure such as coughing, sneezing, laughing,	bladder contracts when it shouldn’t, causing some urine to leak through the sphincter muscles holding the bladder closed	The inability to control urination. Overflow incontinence occurs when the bladder cannot completely empty, which leads to overflow & urine leaks out unexpectedly	Most common type of incontinence. Has components of urge & stress incontinence
Causes	Pregnancy and childbirth, menstruation, menopause, pelvic surgery, problems with muscles in the bladder & urethra, and weakened muscles around the bladder	bladder infection, inflammation, stones obstruction of the opening of the bladder, enlarged prostate in men, bladder cancer, diseases of the nervous system, such as multiple sclerosis, injury to the nervous system, such trauma to the spinal cord or stroke	Blockages of the urethra from tumors, urinary stones, scar tissue, swelling from infection, or kinks caused by dropping of the bladder within the abdomen, weak bladder muscles, injury of nerves that affect the bladder, nerve damage from diseases such as diabetes, alcoholism, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, or spina bifida Medications, including some anticonvulsants and antidepressants, that affect nerve signals to the bladder	Pregnancy and childbirth, menstruation, menopause, pelvic surgery, problems with muscles in the bladder & urethra, and weakened muscles around the bladder bladder infection, inflammation, stones obstruction of the opening of the bladder, enlarged prostate in men, bladder cancer, diseases of the nervous system, such as multiple sclerosis, injury to the nervous system, such trauma to the spinal cord or stroke
Signs & Symptoms	activities such as coughing, sneezing, and lifting put greater abdominal pressure on the bladder & causes leakage of urine	Inability to delay urination with an abrupt and strong desire to void and is due to bladder hyperactivity such as detrusor instability, detrusor hyperactivity or to a hypersensitive bladder Usually preceded by a warning of seconds to minutes	Frequent leakage of small amounts of urine, hesitancy, decreased flow, and incomplete emptying	Signs & symptoms of urge & stress incontinence
Diagnostic Tests	U/A Urine culture BUN & creatinine electrolytes & serum glucose	U/A Urine culture BUN & creatinine electrolytes & serum glucose	U/A Urine culture BUN & creatinine electrolytes & serum glucose	U/A Urine culture BUN & creatinine electrolytes & serum glucose
Treatments	Kegel exercises (10-20 contractions TID or QID) continued indefinitely Behavioral Therapy: weight loss (esp. for stress incontinence), regular voiding, minimize fluids after dinner, take diuretics in afternoon, not at night Medications: Alpha agonists: increase smooth muscle tone at the bladder outlet Tricyclic antidepressants: decrease detrusor contractility and increase outlet resistance Topical estrogen creams: helps in postmenopausal women by improving bladder outlet tone. Surgery: if pelvic prolapse present	Behavioral Therapy: weight loss (esp. for stress incontinence), regular voiding, minimize fluids after dinner, take diuretics in afternoon, not at night Medications: Anticholinergic agents: inhibit involuntary detrusor contractions Smooth muscle relaxants: direct acting smooth muscle depressants Estrogen Replacement Therapy: alleviates the sensory problems or urgency, frequency, dysuria and nocturia in postmenopausal women	Crede’ maneuver – suprapubic external compression or valsalva maueuver may facilitate bladder emptying Medications: Alpha adrenergic blockers: reduce sphincter resistance Cholinergic agents: improve detrusor contractility Hormonal therapy: causes regression of hyperplasia prostate tissue Surgery: TURP	Kegel exercises (10-20 contractions TID or QID) continued indefinitely Behavioral Therapy: weight loss (esp. for stress incontinence), regular voiding, minimize fluids after dinner, take diuretics in afternoon, not at night Medications: Alpha agonists: increase smooth muscle tone at the bladder outlet Anticholinergic agents: inhibit involuntary detrusor contractions Smooth muscle relaxants: direct acting smooth muscle depressants Tricyclic antidepressants: decrease detrusor contractility and increase outlet resistance Topical estrogen creams: helps in postmenopausal women by improving bladder outlet tone. Surgery: if pelvic prolapse present